Greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation options for German wine production

Ponstein (2019)

The paper assesses greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wine production in Germany, analysing data from five wineries, one wine cellar, and nine grape producers. The study finds that emissions range from 0.753 to 1.069 kg CO2e per bottle of wine, with the main contributors being bottle weight (31%), electricity usage (18%), and heat (11%). Most emissions occur during the winery phase, primarily due to packaging materials (57%). The paper identifies that reusing glass bottles offers the greatest potential for reducing emissions, surpassing the impact of reducing bottle weight. Combining bottle reuse with renewable energy and bottle weight reduction could cut GHG emissions per bottle by 47%.

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