This report by Eunomia, commissioned by Zero Waste Europe and endorsed by New ERA, examines the costs and policy measures needed to transition from single-use to reusable takeaway packaging. It finds that reusable systems, though initially more costly for vendors, offer significant environmental benefits by reducing litter and carbon emissions. The report recommends fiscal measures like taxes or levies on single-use packaging to level the playing field and fund reuse systems. It also suggests setting mandatory targets for reuse rates and implementing supportive policies to ensure high return and rotation rates, ultimately aiming for widespread adoption and significant environmental impact.