Reuse and Refill Essentials

Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2019)
The Reuse and Rethinking Packaging report provides a framework to understand reuse, identifies six major benefits of reuse, and maps 69 reuse examples. By analysing many positive initiatives and through interviews with experts in the sector, it provides a basic description of how different reuse models work and outlines typical implementation challenges. This work specifically focuses on business-to-consumer (B2C) applications of packaging solutions.
WWF (2022)
This paper, created by the WWF, has two main objectives. The first is to outline the key benefits of well-designed reuse systems; the second is to provide recommendations for implementing effective reuse systems. This WWF global position paper lays out a framework through which reuse systems can support WWF’s ambition for a future where people and nature thrive. It builds on the concept that keeping resources circulating in the system for as long as possible can reduce the demand for virgin materials and reduce the amount of waste that needs to be managed.
Unpackaged (2022)

The report “A Just Transition to Reusable Packaging” focuses on the conditions and benefits of transitioning from single-use to reusable packaging, primarily in the grocery retail and HoReCa sectors. It highlights the socio-economic impacts on businesses, workers, consumers, and communities, exploring how reusable packaging can create jobs, reduce environmental waste, and support local economies. The report advocates for policy frameworks and economic incentives to support this transition, and it emphasises the role of social enterprises in ensuring equitable outcomes for all stakeholders involved​.

Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2023)

This study explores strategies to scale returnable packaging systems to reduce plastic waste, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and conserve water. It advocates for high levels of collaboration across industries to create efficient, cost-effective reuse models. The analysis includes environmental and economic modelling across product categories like beverages and personal care, highlighting the need for policy support and industry-wide infrastructure to make reusable packaging a viable mainstream solution. Moreover, these parameters are applied to 3 packaging categories in an open loop system: food containers for takeaway food, secondary transport packaging and beverage bottles.

New ERA & Planet reuse (2023)
The second part of the Give rEUse a Green Light report gives an overview of scientific publications and case studies highlighting how well-designed  reusable packaging systems contribute more positively to the environment and the economy than single-use packaging does. A variety of sectors is analysed in the study, with a focus on those included in the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR): food and beverage takeaway packaging, prepackaged food, beverages, e-commerce packaging, and transport packaging.
New ERA & Planet reuse (2023)
The first part of the Give rEUse a Green Light report gathers scientific studies explaining how well-designed reusable packaging systems contribute more positively to the environment, the economy, and society than single-use packaging does. Nowadays 40% of plastics and 50% of all paper used in the EU is destined for packaging, therefore showing how recycling cannot be the only option out of the single-use packaging waste crisis. By illustrating the key parameters of an effective reuse system as well as the conditions that are needed to implement them, this report acts as a complete guide to the world of reusable packaging.
InOff Plastic (2024)

The European Reuse Barometer provides an in-depth analysis of the reusable packaging landscape across Europe. It highlights the environmental and economic benefits of reusable packaging, but also recognises the significant scale required to make these systems viable. Key findings show strong consumer engagement, high return rates, and operational adaptability, especially in sectors like takeaway, retail, and e-commerce. The report underlines the importance of policy support, financial incentives, and collaborative infrastructure to overcome barriers, such as the dominance of single-use packaging and logistical challenges. The barometer ultimately aims to provide stakeholders with critical insights and support the European transition to reusable packaging through annual tracking and assessment.

New ERA & Planet reuse (2023)

The first part of the Give rEUse a Green Light report gathers scientific studies explaining how well-designed reusable packaging systems contribute more positively to the environment, the economy, and society than single-use packaging does. Nowadays 40% of plastics and 50% of all paper used in the EU is destined for packaging, therefore showing how recycling cannot be the only option out of the single-use packaging waste crisis. By illustrating the key parameters of an effective reuse system as well as the conditions that are needed to implement them, this report acts as a complete guide to the world of reusable packaging.

New ERA & Planet reuse (2023)

The second part of the Give rEUse a Green Light report gives an overview of scientific publications and case studies highlighting how well-designed reusable packaging systems contribute more positively to the environment and the economy than single-use packaging does. A variety of sectors is analysed in the study, with a focus on those included in the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR): food and beverage takeaway packaging, prepackaged food, beverages, e-commerce packaging, and transport packaging.

Zero Waste Europe & Searious Business (2023)

This study by Zero Waste Europe and Searious Business dives into the financial benefits of reuse systems. In fact, it explains how adopting circular economy principles could not only benefit Europe environmentally and socially but could also generate a net economic benefit of €1.8 trillion by 2030. The study identifies three parameters to decide on the performance of a financially healthy reuse system: rotation cycles before end of life, return rate and retention time. Moreover, these parameters are applied to 3 packaging categories in an open loop system: food containers for takeaway food, secondary transport packaging and beverage bottles.

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